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Archive for July, 2008

Analysis of “Bad to the Bone”

Here I will attempt an analysis of the philosophical work of George Thorogood, Bad to the Bone. First, just to point out the obvious, it’s clear that Thorogood is heavily influenced by the German Idealists. In particular, one can see a Hegelian theme throughout the work. The references to “bad to the bone” are Thorogood’s way of identifying what it would be like to experience life from the perspective of a “world historical individual” (WHI). The three main stanzas of the work represent what Hegel described in the Phenomenology of Spirit as the thesis, antithesis, and synthesis.

The Thesis
The thesis begins with Thorogood recounting his birth from a first person point of view. He states, “On the day I was born, the nurses all gathered ’round.” Even if Thorogood is referencing the WHI in metaphor it does not get around the troublesome fact that there is no evidence of any person remembering their birth. In fact, science tells us that long term memory formation does not occur until at least age two. It’s not clear how an individual would remember “nurses all gathered ’round”. For the purpose of explication, however, we will allow this minor detail to go uncritically reviewed.

Thorogood also references the hesitation the head nurse had upon discovering that she had delivered the WHI when he states, “The head nurse spoke up, and she said leave this one alone.” Here the author is making reference to Kant’s Metaphysics of Morals and the famous categorical imperative. Once recognizing the child as an individuated person apart from the mother, the nurse acted in such a way as not to impinge upon the freedom of the child.

The Antithesis
Thorogood states that he “broke a thousand hearts” and that he will “break a thousand more” before he is through. The reference is to Schopenhauer’s The World as Will and Idea. By using the allusion to breaking many hearts, the author implies that hearts are merely and an idea in the world. Schopenhauer tells us that the world is an idea only insofar as it is an object in the mind of a subject. As a pure object of the mind, the antithesis is merely metaphor. This represents the opposite of Kant’s categorical imperative and thus the antithesis. The question is raised however whether or not the “thousand hearts” is only an illusion of the author’s mind.

The Synthesis
In the final section, Thorogood breaks with his usual Hegelian roots and turns instead to David Hume. In the best Humeian tradition, the author attempts to establish a necessary connection between his ability to “make a rich woman beg” or a “make a good woman steal” with his own ‘badness’. Inductive inferences such as these are often a violation of a logic argument. However, as Hume has pointed out, inductions power is its ability to infer from past regularities. For example, the fact that B has always followed A—to future and presently unobserved instances of that regularity—e.g., that if A occurs, B will follow. The problem then is one of epistemology. The a priori knowledge required to make the argument that Thorogood is putting forth requires us to believe that there is a connection with his ability to induce others into begin “bad” and his own state of being – “bad to the bone”.

Whether Thorogood able to establish his place as a Hegelian world historical individual by using inductive causality as a philosophical method is up to the reader. The irony is that Thorogood betrays his allegiance to Kant by violating his very own implementation of the categorical imperative. Certainly, making “a young woman squeal” could be considered as impending on the young woman’s freedom. The assessment of this reviewer is that Thorogood, while adhering to a basic Hegelian framework, betrays his own methodology by calling on induction to establish his being “bad to the bone”. In the end, though he fails to prove his own ‘badness’, he does seem to lay the groundwork for a prolegomena to any future individual claims to being “bad to the bone.”

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)

It’s hard to believe that it has taken modern science 200 years to catch up to Lamarck. One of the common threads on Nautis Project has always been the incompleteness of a biological theory of evolution, morphology, and memory. It is these gaps in our knowledge that people like Lamarck, Darwin, Bergson, and Goethe tried to address in biology and Campbell and Jung drew attention in psychology and mythology. I’ve written about this before here:

There is a good article in New Scientist this month, Rewriting Darwin: The new non-genetic inheritance that outlines some of the research being done in this area. This field is also called epigenetics. For a complete definition and etymology, see Wikipedia. Most of the current research barely scratches the surface of what I believe will eventually be found. The real question is: what does this mean for memory? I believe it will take more than DNA methylation to explain how memory is transmitted. This can’t explain instinct can it?

One of the most laughable areas of science is in the realm of animal instincts. Here is a great quote from Wikipedia that sums up our knowledge perfectly:

Technically speaking, any event that initiates an instinctive behavior is termed a key stimulus (KS) or a releasing stimulus. Key stimuli in turn lead to innate releasing mechanisms (IRM), which in turn produce fixed action patterns (FAP). More than one key stimulus may be needed to trigger an FAP.

In other words, they have no idea. I remember asking my Biology 101 professor about birds and how they inherit nest building skills or migratory patterns. Of course, he looked at me like I was from another planet. I received the same response in the psychology department. The one place I didn’t a response like this is in the Mythology and Art departments – they take as axiomatic the inheritance of collective memory. Artists are, thankfully, not confined to explaining the world based on the latest scientific fashion. It’s true that epigenetic inheritance through methylation of histones is still a long way from morphic resonance – but it’s a start.

How Ignorant Are We?

“About 1 in 4 Americans can name more than one of the five freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment (freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly and petition for redress of grievances.) But more than half of Americans can name at least two members of the fictional cartoon family, according to a survey. The study by the new McCormick Tribune Freedom Museum found that 22 percent of Americans could name all five Simpson family members, compared with just 1 in 1,000 people who could name all five First Amendment freedoms.

As we approach our Independence Day, it’s interesting to wonder what this means? Why do we know more about cartoons than freedom? There is a good summary, called How Ignorant Are We? The article does a good job of explaining what is going on. Why is it that Americans that are in favor of bombing Iran cannot seem to find it on a map? I wonder why the majority of Americans have never traveled beyond a 50 mile radius from where they were born? In a country where students are learning that the Earth (and the universe) is only a few thousand years old, is this really any surprise? Science and Technology has always defined a successful nation. American in the 50′s and 60′s was a great example of this. We were caught of guard when the Soviets launched Sputnik and reinvigorated our school system with strong programs in math and science.

For reasons I don’t really understand, there has been a backlash against knowledge in America. Especially among “conservative” Americans, academics are seen a liberal and out of touch. Of course, in a totalitarian state the first that are rounded up are university professors. Knowledge really is power. Unfortunately, ignorance is powerful, too. As America stands ready to topple from top dog position in the world, the power hungry lead at the vanguard followed by the blissfully ignorant bringing up the rear.

The Art Of Dying: Dogs Know

From Britian’s Daily Mail, “Cats who know exactly when they are going to be taken to the vets. Dogs who sense their owners’ whereabouts – even if they are miles away. And birds who seem to mourn the deaths of those around them… our pets and other animals have always been intuitive – but do they really have a mysterious sixth sense? A new book by Britain’s leading clinical authority on near-death experiences, Dr Peter Fenwick, and his wife Elizabeth, a counselor, examines the remarkable cases of psychic animals.”

Read more…